What a rail trail is
A rail trail is a path built along the route of an old railway line. Because trains cannot climb steep slopes, the gradients tend to be gentle, and because railways ran fairly straight, the trails are often long and direct. They are popular with beginners, families and anyone who wants a long ride without much climbing. The details vary a great deal, so treat this as general information. Surfaces, rules, lengths and facilities differ from one trail to another, and trail managers can close or change sections, so check the official information before you go.
Other easy surfaced trails, such as canal towpaths, river paths and park routes, share many of the same features: flat or gently rolling ground, few cars, and a smooth enough surface for most bikes. They are not all the same, though, and some towpaths are narrow or uneven.
Why they suit newer riders
- Gentle gradients. Long, steady slopes are easier on the legs than short steep ones. It is a good place to practise simple gear changes, a topic covered in using bike gears.
- Fewer vehicles. Most trails keep you away from road traffic, apart from the occasional crossing.
- Predictable ground. Without sharp corners or technical features, you can concentrate on pedalling, steering and enjoying the view.
- Easy turning back. Many trails run in a straight line, so you can turn around at any point and ride back the same way.
That said, a long trail can also mean a long way from help. Do not assume a flat route is an easy one, because the distance and the headwind can make it tiring.
Check the surface before you go
Trail surfaces can be sealed tarmac, fine crushed stone, compacted gravel, packed dirt or a mix. Crushed stone and gravel are common, and conditions can change with the weather. After rain, a firm surface may turn soft or muddy, and puddles can hide holes. Narrow tyres can feel nervous on loose sections, and a slightly wider tyre is often more comfortable. For the basics of gravel-type ground, see our notes on gravel road basics.
Shaded sections may stay damp, and leaves, fallen branches or washed-out areas can appear at any time. Read the trail’s own updates where they exist, and be prepared to walk if a section is unrideable.
Plan the distance honestly
The most common trail mistake is going too far. Long, flat riding is deceptive, because there are few steep sections to warn you that you are tiring. A few tips:
- Start with a distance you know you can comfortably ride back. On an out-and-back trail you need energy for both halves.
- Plan around facilities. Look at where toilets, water, cafes, shops, parking and stations are. Not every trail has many, and some stretches are remote.
- Take supplies. Carry water, a snack, a repair kit, a pump and a fully charged phone. The article on fixing a flat covers the basic repair, and a short ride essentials list is a good starting point.
- Think about your first long ride. If this is your first long ride, build up gradually. The notes on a first long ride give general planning ideas.
- Allow time. Plan to finish well before dark, with a margin for stops and slow patches.
Many rail trails have mile or kilometre markers, which help you judge how far you have gone and describe your position if you need help.
Comfort on long, flat rides
When the ground is flat, you pedal almost constantly, so small comfort issues grow. Shift your position now and then, relax your shoulders and grip, and let your hands move between positions. If numbness or pain appears, take a break, and consider a bike fit check if it keeps happening. The basics are in the guide to bike fit basics, and persistent pain deserves advice from a professional.
Eat and drink before you feel you need to. Wind, sun and heat can all make a flat ride harder than expected, so dress for the weather and use sun protection.
Sharing the trail
Rail trails are used by walkers, runners, families, horse riders on some routes, and other cyclists. Stay on your side, pass with warning and space, and slow for crossings and bends. The same principles of shared path etiquette apply here. Where horses use the trail, slow down, speak calmly, and follow signs and any instructions from the rider.
At road crossings, stop or slow right down. Many have gates, bollards or signs. Look both ways and cross only when it is clearly safe, and check local rules about priority.
Tunnels, bridges and old railway features
Converted lines often include tunnels, cuttings and old bridges. They can be wonderful, but tunnels may be dark, damp and cool, and bridges may have rough decking or gaps. Use lights in tunnels, even short ones, slow down as your eyes adjust, and watch for puddles and uneven ground. Obey any closure or height notices.
Keep it simple
A rail trail is about unhurried, comfortable riding. Choose a modest distance, bring what you need, respect other users, and treat the first outing as a way to learn what suits you. If conditions are poor or you feel tired, turning back is always a good decision. Wear a helmet, and remember that even gentle trails involve some risk of falls and fatigue.